Die Technologie, die die Welt veränderte - 50 Jahre Internet

1. 00:00More and more powerful is the Internet of Things, the IoT. What is hiding behind it?
2. 00:06We had said yes, access to the Internet is becoming increasingly mobile, and increasingly use devices, small devices, sensors, wristbands, fitness trackers, Increasingly, such devices also use the Internet for their communication.
3. 00:23And this becomes clear here, for example, in a forecast that now sees how many devices are using the Internet, that's the black line here, and how many devices does one person own.
4. 00:39So then, once we see the equipment, we're, the expectation is that by next year 2020, there will already be over 50 billion devices, who have an Internet connection and are able to communicate via the Internet.
5. 00:58Among the users, each person already has more than six on average, six and a half of these devices that are assigned to him.
6. 01:08So here too, rapid growth, launched in 2003, here over 50 billion next year.
7. 01:17This explosive increase in the number the devices and equipment connected to the Internet
8. 01:25makes sense and justifies it, that we are talking about an Internet of Things, IoT.
9. 01:35The devices with such an Internet connection will make it, to communicate with each other.
10. 01:42And if they can communicate with each other, they can coordinate.
11. 01:45For example, one device can give the other one temperature or his environmental data or anything, which then helps them to shape their specific behavior.
12. 01:59Behaviour becomes more intelligent, becomes smarter. We've already talked about Smart Home, Smart City and other things.
13. 02:08So the possibility that devices can coordinate with each other, makes it possible to orientate their behaviour much more towards concrete situations, makes their behavior smarter and smarter.
14. 02:22In private life, there's the idea, that such techniques can make life easier.
15. 02:29You know, like when you go to your apartment. and the light goes on or heating goes on or the heating goes on in a certain situation
16. 02:38Or the blind shines, or what other things are going on, also in business life this makes a lot of sense of course,
17. 02:48to design production processes in this way, that there the individual machines can interact directly with each other,
18. 02:55not by a person transmitting it, but communicate directly via the Internet and then adjust your behavior accordingly.
19. 03:04This has long been a topic of discussion in Germany under the term Industry 4.0.
20. 03:10This is a German invention, the term was coined in Germany, and this is of course an expression of the fact that the manufacturing industry has been very strong in demand here, how can we use the new Internet technologies to make processes leaner,
21. 03:26to make logistics chains run more precisely, to make things cheaper to make?
22. 03:34Question is, what is a thing, what is a thing?
23. 03:38So, in principle, such a thing can be anything, so all that matters is that it's powerful enough, to connect to the Internet via network.
24. 03:47So it must have some sort of small processor capable of Evaluate data, transmit data, receive data, to trigger certain actions.
25. 04:00But mostly these things, these things, they are not real computers, no large hardware equipment is available,
26. 04:07but there are still hardly any operating elements, no display, little memory, tiny building blocks, which in one place, powered by a battery, as environmental data is gathered, triggering things,
27. 04:21when something happens, like water or moisture and heat, can then communicate with other devices, for example, let them know, whether or not there's a place that they monitor in a parking system, whether or not there's a car there.
28. 04:37Let's take a look at some areas for smart things like this, to develop some idea of what's going on.
29. 04:44And when we look at the smart home, then of course they are something like the coffee machine or the refrigerator, who can communicate over the Internet.
30. 04:53The toothbrush, the ceiling lamp, this refrigerator communication via the Internet, this has long been a narrative, which is what IoT uses in this field,
31. 05:04always with the idea when the milk runs out, then the refrigerator automatically orders the delivery of a new milk from the supermarket.
32. 05:12Many refrigerators today have Internet access, not so much milk is ordered automatically yet,
33. 05:19so there are developments going on here that need to be seen, in which places it really makes sense, in which places it does not make sense.
34. 05:27But for example information about wrong temperatures, about food going bad that's standing there,
35. 05:36or an automatic coffee maker that is switched on when you approach, these are things to think about.
36. 05:45If we look around the city, Smart City, then there are very different scenarios conceivable,
37. 05:51for example, I've already hinted at that, to insert sensors into the road surface to measure the traffic volume.
38. 05:59And these measurements, they can then be used, to switch traffic lights, for example.
39. 06:06So if it is clear that there is no car coming on one road and cars on the other, then of course the traffic light can be set so that these cars do not have to wait here, today we typically have very rigid regulations.
40. 06:18Such sensors can be used to manage the parking space, and then automatically, the sensor reports there's no car above me, there's light or something or is it certain heat,
41. 06:32reports this to the searching drivers via an Internet system, to say you'll find a parking space here at this spot.
42. 06:39Intelligent meters, smart meters for their electricity, for example, they can record meter readings and send them directly to the utility company
43. 06:52Yeah, why is that interesting? You can imagine, especially with the new forms of energy, that energy has different prices during the day, electricity for example.
44. 07:04Depending on whether enough electricity is produced, the wind blows outside or if there is not enough electricity, there is no wind outside, that supply and demand causes prices to change.
45. 07:17And then, of course, it is always necessary to take exact time-related measurements, what's in a lower-price phase, what has been used in a phase with ever increasing price.
46. 07:26And of course, these smart meters then have, offer a motivation, that you just can't get electricity at a time when it's very expensive, because it turns on the washing machine or electric heater.
47. 07:38Street lamps can be controlled with such sensors and, for example, depending on whether someone is moving in the street or if nobody moves, then move the light intensity up or down.
48. 07:54Let's take a closer look at an example in the Smart City section, the waste containers, especially in pedestrian zones with high traffic, they are quickly full, also depending on certain events or the course of the day.
49. 08:10And then people keep throwing things there, overflowing, the garbage ends up on the street, a very ugly picture.
50. 08:18With the Smart Things from the Internet of Things, you can relatively simple solution, namely smart waste containers.
51. 08:31Here are a few that are simply equipped with a sensor, that measures how full this container is,
52. 08:40and then, depending on the type of container and the type of waste, you can then, from a certain level onward, when the maximum capacity is reached, because these access flaps lock.
53. 08:56In any case, this sensor can inform the city cleaning service, here a garbage can has to be picked up urgently,
54. 09:04so in this way also not what happens today with the regular trips, which are usually not correct, either the containers are too empty or too full, then here's a smart one, creating a smart solution.
55. 09:18But this Internet of Things already plays a role in some areas, that you can't even imagine as a layman, for example in agriculture.
56. 09:28Smart Agriculture is the headline there, you can insert sensors there in the soil of the fields, to measure the degree of dryness, for example and start the sprinkler system accordingly.
57. 09:42You can use the sensors to initiate anti-freeze things, for example or in case of heat then irrigation, i.e. reactions to certain developments.
58. 09:58Even more wicked are such fitness trackers that are created for cows, to measure their body temperature, their digestive activity, to measure their movement activity.
59. 10:10Of course with the aim that from this data the corresponding feed output is automatically controlled, the appropriate supply, the appropriate milking installations,
60. 10:24so that it gets tuned, smarter, in that the devices automatically intract among themselves.
61. 10:33Of course, the Internet also plays a major role in the field of e-health, such Smart Watches know many of you.
62. 10:44Fitness bands wear many of them, fitness trackers, i.e. the continuous health monitoring of certain parameters,
63. 10:54like sensors that measure blood pressure, for example, Sensors that permanently measure the pulse rate or number of steps.
64. 11:02You remember, high pressure, high blood pressure, the medical examinations in the past you had to wear such a belt around your chest for 24 hours for the permanent measurement.
65. 11:14Terrible compared to wearing a watch here, that does all the work with the clock.
66. 11:20And the data collected is now much more systematic than just once during these 24 hours of illness.
67. 11:29This collected data can of course then be used, to control or stop certain activities.
68. 11:37Here too, it is quite clear with the clock, this corresponding processing of the data is not carried out in the clock, but the watch typically transmits this data to the smartphone,
69. 11:51and the smartphone then transfers the data to a cloud, in which sufficient computing capacity is available, storage capacity is available
70. 12:01then to process this and initiate the appropriate health activities, to motivate to call a doctor, to give the doctor a protocol about things, so anything is possible.
71. 12:13Another example of the Internet of Things are implanted pacemakers, which are therefore very useful in everyday life, especially for people at risk, in a situation that is predicted to happen with a stroke,
72. 12:31then automatically sends emergency signals to the doctor or the treating institution, so that they can take appropriate action immediately.
73. 12:40So there are things - we are at the very beginning here - that are conceivable, which will drive the development in the coming years.
74. 12:47Of course, this Internet of Things needs technologies on which it can build, that these devices can communicate with each other, that they work very reliably.
75. 13:02There is no administrator sitting next to them, they are embedded in the asphalt, into the field, transplanted into the heart.
76. 13:10They must have low maintenance requirements and low energy consumption, because changing accumulators or batteries is already very costly, partly not possible at all.
77. 13:22And if that is then, for example, masses in fields or used for cows, low acquisition costs.
78. 13:30Technologies that are used here are RFID technologies, OR codes, barcodes, these are applications that are more or less suitable.
79. 13:42Sensors are used, which measure parameters, Environment parameters can perceive in our smartphone, for example temperature, the movement, the acceleration and others.
80. 13:57And actuators; actuators are then small devices, that convert this data into certain activities.
81. 14:06And then, of course, the biggest driver is then the Internet and web technologies, with which communication protocols TCP, UDP, Ipv4, IPV6, plays a major role especially in the Internet of Things, where the number of devices is exploding.
82. 14:23HTTP, so these are the techniques that drive this development here and turn the Internet of Things into a whole new phenomenon,
83. 14:36that changes our world in a way that not only we activities, interrelationships, changes, but that we enjoy changes, we enjoy adaptations, and we enjoy
84. 14:49quite automatically can be achieved by interaction of different devices.

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