Programmieren lernen mit Python

1. 00:00Welcome to the next lesson.
2. 00:02We want to get a little more involved with Turtle right now.
3. 00:05Today we're gonna look at how to put color in Turtle.
4. 00:09And also how you can change the shape.
5. 00:13Up to now we only see a small arrowhead before the line.
6. 00:17With the function shape, which means form in German, we can change the shape that you see in the front when you draw.
7. 00:24So we can really draw a turtle here and then you see a little turtle figure at the front.
8. 00:33There are also many other forms, that you can enter, that you can see there.
9. 00:38You can just try it yourself, what they look like when you use them.
10. 00:43Another possibility is to call the hideturtle function, so hide the turtle or the arrow shown in the front, so that you only see the lines that are painted.
11. 00:55However, we can not only use fixed forms, but also create our own shapes.
12. 01:02Here we include our Turtle library in the first line as usual and then use the register_shape method to create our own shape.
13. 01:13The very first thing you always write in this method the name you want to give to the shape, where the name is also given as a string, i.e. in quotation marks.
14. 01:25In that case, we called the whole thing "ship", followed by a comma,
15. 01:30from the various coordinates, which are to have our cornerstones of the new form.
16. 01:38So we give four different points here, and when we turn the whole thing over in shape,
17. 01:44so our variable, let's say ship, then we see that a ship has actually come out.
18. 01:51So you can pass shape the already predefined shapes or a specifically designated one.
19. 01:57Now first a color, namely the pen color, which we can change, in English Pencolor.
20. 02:04So we call the function pencolor and write a color in the round brackets in quotation marks behind it.
21. 02:12The colour must be in English.
22. 02:14We have brought you a few examples here, so you can use for example yellow, green or blue.
23. 02:19So we have now here in our program again all functions of Turtle imported and in line two then pencolor with in this case "green", i.e. called green
24. 02:30and just take a hundred steps forward, to see that the line we're painting has turned green.
25. 02:37But we can't just change the pen color, but also the background color.
26. 02:42For this we use the method bgcolor, where bg stands for background, which is the background in German.
27. 02:48So we can use all functions of our Turtle library as usual and then pass different color values to bgcolor as string, in this case "yellow".
28. 02:59And when we do the whole thing, so we see, that we just painted our field completely yellow.
29. 03:04We can also dye surfaces, that we drew ourselves.
30. 03:10For this we have to use two functions, once, before we start drawing with the area, the function begin_fill.
31. 03:19And when we have finished drawing the area, end-fill.
32. 03:23The area is then filled in, that we drew.
33. 03:27However, if we now paint an open area, for example only two lines, then the first and the last point are connected by an invisible line, so to speak.
34. 03:37The whole thing could be seen in this example here.
35. 03:40So we import all Turtle functions again, then call the begin_fill function, because now we start to paint our shape.
36. 03:48So we take 100 steps to the right, turn once 90 degrees and walk another hundred steps straight ahead
37. 03:56and say, okay, we're done with the mold and now we want to fill our mould.
38. 04:03So here you can see the framing of the form again.
39. 04:07And then, as you can see here, a triangle is painted, even though we only drew two lines.
40. 04:16However, we can also change the fill color of this triangle.
41. 04:21The method fillcolor exists for this purpose, to whom you give a colored ring again.
42. 04:25So if we look at it in code, after we've reconnected all the methods,
43. 04:31that you directly specify the fillcolor, before you start the stuffing, I say, so really before this block begin_ and end_color.
44. 04:40So when you do the whole thing, you see, that we're just drawing the shape and then coloring it red.
45. 04:46We even see that the shape of our Turtle so this little red triangle is also red.
46. 04:53Now let us combine all these functions, we just met, then we'll create a really colorful picture.
47. 05:03So we first determine that we want to have shape turtle, you can already see it on the right, our little turtle.
48. 05:10Then we want a yellow background, so with bgcolor ("yellow") we create the yellow background.
49. 05:16Then we want to draw with pencolor ("blue"), our pen color blue and the Fillcolor, the fill color of the shape we are going to draw will turn green.
50. 05:28Here you can see how you already know from the last Turtle video, from line 8 to 14 the functions that draw a square
51. 05:38and in line 7 begin_fill, that is, before filling the form and end_fill again to conclude that we are finished with our form.
52. 05:47And this is how you can see in the video that all functions are applied and we get a colorful picture with a green square.
53. 05:57So we have the most diverse functions, no matter how much Turtle provides, and we are very excited,
54. 06:05if you like to use the forum and various things you have drawn, likes to post various colorful pictures in there.
55. 06:11And then we can take a look, ...what can be done with it.

To enable the transcript, please select a language in the video player settings menu.